CROMWELL, OLIVER

CROMWELL, OLIVER
   Lord-Protector of the commonwealth of England, born at Huntingdon, the son of Robert Cromwell, the younger son of Sir Henry Cromwell, and of Elizabeth Steward, descended from the royal family of Scotland, their third child and second boy; educated at Huntingdon and afterwards at Cambridge; left college at his father's death, and occupied himself in the management of his paternal property; entered Parliament in 1629, and represented Cambridge in 1640, where to oppose the king he, by commission in 1642 from Essex, raised a troop of horse, famous afterwards as his "Ironsides"; with these he distinguished himself, first at Marston Moor in 1644, and next year at Naseby; crushed the Scots at Preston in 1648, who had invaded the country in favour of the king, now in the hands of the Parliament, and took Berwick; sat at trial of the king and signed his death-warrant, 1649; sent that same year to subdue rebellion in Ireland, he sternly yet humanely stamped it out; recalled from Ireland, he set out for Scotland, which had risen up in favour of Charles II., and totally defeated the Scots at Dunbar, Sept. 3, 1650, after which Charles invaded England and the Royalists were finally beaten at Worcester, Sept. 3, 1651, upon which his attention was drawn to affairs of government; taking up his residence at Hampton Court, his first step was to dissolve the Rump, which he did by military authority in 1653; a new Parliament was summoned, which also he was obliged to dismiss, after being declared Lord-Protector; from this time he ruled mainly alone, and wherever his power was exercised, beyond seas even, it was respected; at last his cares and anxieties proved too much for him and wore him out, he fell ill and died, Sept. 3, 1658, the anniversary of his two great victories at Dunbar and Worcester; they buried him in Westminster, but his body was dug up at the Restoration, hanged at Tyburn, and buried under the gallows; such treatment his body was subjected to after he was gone, and for long after he was no less ignobly treated by several succeeding generations as a hypocrite, a fanatic, or a tyrant; but now, thanks to Carlyle, he is come to be regarded as one of the best and wisest rulers that ever sat on the English throne (1599-1658). See "Cromwell's Letters and Speeches," edited by Carlyle.

The Nuttall Encyclopaedia. . 1907.

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  • CROMWELL, OLIVER° — CROMWELL, OLIVER°, Lord Protector of england , 1653–58. Cromwell was largely responsible for the readmission of the Jews to England. His puritan views, based largely upon the Old Testament, and his tolerant nature predisposed him to regard the… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Cromwell, Oliver — born April 25, 1599, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, Eng. died Sept. 3, 1658, London English soldier and statesman, lord protector of the republican Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1653–58). He was elected to Parliament in 1628, but… …   Universalium

  • Cromwell, Oliver — ► (1599 1658) Político inglés. Diputado puritano. En la guerra entre el rey Carlos I y el Parlamento alcanzó victorias decisivas, condenando a muerte al rey en 1649. Proclamó la República y se nombró jefe del estado en 1653. Impulsó la… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Cromwell, Oliver — ( 1599 1658)    ruler of England during the Puritan Revolution    Oliver Cromwell, who as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth ruled England through the 1640s until his death, was born in Huntingdon in 1599. He was educated in his hometown by a… …   Encyclopedia of Protestantism

  • Cromwell, Oliver — (1599–1658)    Politician.    Cromwell was born in Huntingdon and was educated at the University of Cambridge. He was elected to Parliament in 1628 and 1640. In the Long Parliament he emerged as the leader of the Puritan party. In the English… …   Who’s Who in Christianity

  • Cromwell, Oliver —    Chiefly remembered in folk tradition as a destroyer. A considerable number of castles and manor houses, especially in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, are said (incorrectly) to have been destroyed or severely damaged by Cromwell s cannon fire; an… …   A Dictionary of English folklore

  • Cromwell, Oliver — (1599–1658)    Lord protector of Britain 1653–8. As lord protector after the Puritan victory in the English Civil War, Cromwell was disposed to favour the re entry of the Jews, who had been banned in 1290. He was not motivated only by religious… …   Who’s Who in Jewish History after the period of the Old Testament

  • CROMWELL, Oliver — (1599 1658)    English PURITAN general and democrat who championed the rights of commoners against King Charles I and aristocracy. He founded the New Model Army which he led to victory in the English Civil War. After Charles I threatened a second …   Concise dictionary of Religion

  • Cromwell,Oliver — Crom·well (krŏmʹwĕl , wəl, krŭmʹ ), Oliver. 1599 1658. English military, political, and religious figure who led the Parliamentarian victory in the English Civil War (1642 1649) and called for the execution of Charles I. As lord protector of… …   Universalium

  • Oliver Cromwell — Cromwell redirects here. For other uses, see Cromwell (disambiguation). For other people named Oliver Cromwell, see Oliver Cromwell (disambiguation). Oliver Cromwell Portrait of Oliver Cromwell by Samuel Cooper …   Wikipedia

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